Each entry contains the figure name,
whether it is musical, literary, or both, its classification (see
below), and a short definition. If the figure is highlighted as a
link, you can click on it to get more information. For those
figures that are both literary and musical, clicking the figure
name link takes you to Silva
rhetoricae for literary information. Clicking the M-link
takes you to a page of musical definitions and examples.
Figures may be literary, musical, or
both, and are identified as follows:
| M |
musical figures |
| L |
literary figures |
| ML |
musical and literary figures |
Classifications of the musical
figures and their mnemonics:
| MR |
figures of melodic repetition |
| HR |
figures of harmonic repetition, fugal figures |
| RD |
figures of representation and depiction |
| D |
figures of dissonance and displacement |
| IS |
figures of interruption and silence |
| MHO |
figures of melodic and harmonic ornamentation |
| O |
other figures |
Sources
If you find this table of figures useful in your
research, writing, or performing,
please be sure to cite these original sources of the information
in your work.
|
BartelMP
|
Bartel, Dietrich. Musica Poetica:
Musical-Rhetorical Figures in German Baroque Music. Lincoln
and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. xv, 471 p.
|
|
BuelMR
|
Buelow, George. "Music and
Rhetoric," in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and
Musicians 15, ed. Stanley Sadie, pp. 793-803.
|
|
BurtSR
|
Burton, Gideon O. The Forest of
Rhetoric (Silva Rhetoricae)
http://humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/silva.htm.
|
|
KronMR
|
Krones, Hartmut. "Musik und
Rhetorik," in Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart 6
(1996), pp. 814-852. (Allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik
begründet von Friedrich Blume.) Zweite, neubearbeitete
Ausgabe herausgegeben von Ludwig Finscher. Kassel Basel London
New York Prag: Bärenreiter; Stuttgart Weimar: Metzler,
1998.
|
|
LanHR
|
Lanham, Richard A. A Handlist of
Rhetorical Terms: A Guide for Students of English Literature.
Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969.
148 p.
|
|
MirRST
|
Miriam Joseph, C.S.C., Sister.
Rhetoric in Shakespeare's Time: Literary Theory of
Renaissance Europe. New York and Burlingame: Harcourt, Brace
& World, 1947, 1962. x, 421 p.
|
|
PremPEP
|
Preminger, Alex, ed. Princeton
Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Enlarged edition. Frank
J. Warnke and O.B. Hardison, Jr., Associate Editors. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1974. xxiv, 992 p.
|
|
SeidRMT
|
Seidel, Wilhelm. "Rhythmus,
Metrum, Takt," in Die Musik in Geschichte und
Gegenwart 8 (1998), pp. 257-317. (Allgemeine
Enzyklopädie der Musik begründet von Friedrich Blume.)
Zweite, neubearbeitete Ausgabe herausgegeben von Ludwig Finscher.
Kassel Basel London New York Prag: Bärenreiter; Stuttgart
Weimar: Metzler, 1998.
|
|
SonnHR
|
Sonnino, Lee A. A Handbook to
Sixteenth-Century Rhetoric. London: Routledge & Kegan
Paul, 1968. ix, 278 p.
|
|
TuveEMI
|
Tuve, Rosemond. Elizabethan &
Metaphysical Imagery: Renaissance Poetic and Twentieth-Century
Critics. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press,
1947. xii, 436 p.
|
The Figures of Rhetoric and of Musica Poetica
|
|
|
Name |
M/L |
Class |
Definition |
Equivalents |
Author |
|
A |
1 |
abissio |
L |
N/A |
the equivalent Latin term for apocope. BurtSR. |
apocope |
Isidore |
|
|
2 |
abominatio |
L |
N/A |
Latin term for bdelygma or apodioxis. BurtSR. |
bdelygmia, apodioxis |
N/A |
|
|
3 |
abruptio |
M |
IS |
a sudden stop in the music; a musical figure of silence. BartelMP. |
|
Janovka, Kircher, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
4 |
abuse |
L |
N/A |
an anglicization of the Latin term abusio (catachresis). BurtSR. |
catachresis |
N/A |
|
|
5 |
acoloutha |
L |
N/A |
the substitution of reciprocal words; best understood in relation to its opposite, anacaloutha. BurtSR. |
|
N/A |
|
|
6 |
accentus |
M |
MHO |
a preceding or succeeding upper or lower neightboring note, usually added to the written note by the performer. BartelMP. |
superjectio |
Bernhard, Mattheson Printz, Spiess, J.G. Walther |
|
|
7 |
acciaccatura |
M |
MHO |
an additional, dissonant note added to a chord, which is released immediately after its execution. BartelMP. |
|
Mattheson, Spiess, J.G. Walther |
|
|
8 |
accismus |
L |
N/A |
a feigned refusal of that which is earnestly desired. BurtSR. |
|
Bullinger |
|
|
9 |
accumulatio |
L |
N/A |
heaping up praise or accusation to emphasize or summarize points or inferences already made. LanHR. |
|
Rhetorica ad Herennium |
|
|
10 |
acervatio |
L |
N/A |
to knit many things together of like natureÖand to separate contrary matters asunder. SonnHR. |
asyndeton, polysyndeton |
Peacham |
|
|
11 |
acrostic |
L |
N/A |
a poem in which the initial letters of each line have a meaning when read downward. PremPEP. |
alliteration, anaphora, abecedarian |
Bullinger |
|
|
12 |
acyrologia |
L |
N/A |
incorrect in phraseology; use of an inexact or illogical word; impropriety. LanHR, BurtSR. |
cacozelia, paronomasia |
Quintilian, Isidore, Susenbrotus, Sherry, Peacham |
|
|
13 |
acyron |
L |
N/A |
incorrect in phraseology; use of an inexact or illogical word; impropriety. LanHR, BurtSR. |
acyrologia, catechresis |
Quintilian, Isidore, Susenbrotus, Sherry, Peacham |
|
|
14 |
adage |
L |
N/A |
proverb. LanHR. a short, pithy saying. BurtSR. |
anamnesis |
N/A |
|
|
15 |
adhortatio |
L |
N/A |
exhortation or encouragement. LanHR. |
euche, eustathia |
TBD |
|
|
16 |
adianoeta |
L |
N/A |
an expression that has an obvious meaning and an unsuspected secret one beneath. LanHR. |
irony, allegory |
TBD |
|
|
17 |
adjudicatio |
L |
N/A |
adjudication. LanHR. |
epicrisis |
TBD |
|
|
18 |
adjunct |
L |
N/A |
same as adjunctio below. |
symploce |
Rhetorica ad Herennium |
|
|
19 |
adjunctio |
L |
N/A |
use of one verb to express two similar ideas at the beginning or end of successive clauses. LanHR. |
epizeugma |
Rhetorica ad Herennium |
|
|
20 |
admonitio |
L |
N/A |
reminding, recalling to mind, suggestion. LanHR. |
paraenesis |
TBD |
|
|
21 |
adnexio |
L |
N/A |
Binding to. LanHR. |
zeugma |
TBD |
|
|
22 |
adnominatio |
L |
N/A |
Two words of similar sound but different meaning brought together. LanHR. |
paronomasia, polyptoton |
TBD |
|
|
23 |
adynaton |
L |
N/A |
A stringing together of impossibilities; the confession that words fail us. LanHR. A declaration of impossibility, usually in terms of an exaggerated comparison. Sometimes, the expression of the impossibility of expression. BurtSR. |
adynata, impossibilia, aposiopesis |
TBD |
|
|
24 |
aequipollentia |
L |
N/A |
The addition, taking away or doubling of a negative and in opposing words. SonnHR. |
isodunamia |
Erasmus |
|
|
25 |
aeschrologia |
L |
N/A |
An expression that is deliberately either foul (such as crude language) or ill-sounding (such as from excessive alliteration). BurtSR. |
cacemphaton, paroemion |
TBD |
|
|
26 |
aetiologia |
L |
N/A |
giving a cause or reason. LanHR. A figure of reasoning by which one attributes a cause for a statement or claim made, often as a simple relative clause of explanation. BurtSR. |
redditio causae, anthypophora,
apophasis,
contrarium,
enthymeme,
prosapodosis,
ratiocinatio |
TBD |
|
|
27 |
affirmation |
L |
N/A |
A kind of paralipsis in which one explicitly affirms the negative qualities that one then passes over; A general figure of emphasis that describes when one states something as though it had been in dispute or in answer to a question, though it has not been. BurtSR. |
cataphasis, affirmatio, paralipsis |
TBD |
|
|
28 |
aganactesis |
L |
N/A |
impassioned speech or loud, angry speaking. LanHR. |
indignatio, ecphonesis,
exclamatio |
TBD |
|
|
29 |
aischrologia |
L |
N/A |
scurrilous jest; lewd allusion or double entendre; sounds combined for harsh effect. LanHR. |
cacemphaton, turpis locutio, foule speech |
TBD |
|
|
30 |
allegory |
L |
N/A |
speaking otherwise than one seems to speak; extending a metaphor through an entire speech or passage; one of four levels of interpretation, the others being literal, moral or tropological, and anagogical or spiritual. LanHR. A sustained metaphor continued through whole sentences or even through a whole discourse. BurtSR. |
inversio, false semblant, metaphor,
simile,
conceit,
catachresis,
parabola
|
TBD |
|
|
31 |
alleotheta |
L |
N/A |
substitution of one case, gender, number, tense, or mood for another. LanHR. |
anthimeria, antiptosis, enallage, hendiadys |
TBD |
|
|
32 |
alliteration |
L |
N/A |
recurrence of an initial consonant or vowel sound. LanHR. Repetition of the same letter or sound within nearby words. Most often, repeated initial consonants. Note: The term "alliteratio" was coined by Giovanni Pontano in 1519 as a further specification of the term annominatio. Current usage of this term is in its most restricted sense (repeated initial consonants), aligning it with the vice known as homoeoprophoron or paroemion. BurtSR. |
paroemion, alloiosis, antithesis, hypallage, metonymy,
homoeo-prophoron,
acrostic
|
TBD |
|
|
33 |
amara irrisio |
L |
N/A |
bitter laughing at; a bitter gibe or taunt. LanHR. |
sarcasmus |
TBD |
|
|
34 |
ambiguous |
L |
N/A |
Quintilian warns against the dangers of ambiguity in legal matters; a mean of emphasis; a vice; when one word can be understood in two or more senses; when it causes the speech to be obscure. SonnHR. |
amphibologia |
Rhetorica ad Herennium |
|
|
35 |
amphibologia |
L |
N/A |
see ambiguous immediately above. SonnHR. Ambiguity of grammatical structure, often occasioned by mispunctuation. BurtSR. |
ambiguous |
Rhetorica ad Herennium |
|
|
36 |
ampliatio |
L |
N/A |
Using the name of something or someone before it has obtained that name or after the reason for that name has ceased. A form of epitheton. BurtSR. |
epitheton,
prolepsis |
TBD |
|
|
37 |
anabasis |
M |
RD |
an ascending musical passage which expresses ascending or exalted images or affections. BartelMP. |
ascensus |
Janovka, Kircher, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
38 |
anacephalaeosis |
L |
N/A |
a summary; an enumeration; recalling matters of the past. LanHR. A recapitulation of the facts. A kind of summary employed in the peroratio. BurtSR. |
anamnesis, enumeratio, accumulatio,
complexio,
epanodos,
epiphonema,
synathroesmus |
TBD |
|
|
39 |
anacoenosis |
L |
N/A |
communicate; take counsel with. LanHR. |
anachinosis, impartener, epitrope |
|
|
|
40 |
anacoloutha |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
41 |
anacoluthon |
L |
N/A |
Inconsistent, anomalous. LanHR. |
|
TBD |
|
|
42 |
anadiplosis |
LM |
MR |
L: word repetition for emphasis. M: a repetition of the ending of one phrase at the beginning of the following one. Musically, the anadiplosis may be a repetition of a mimesis. BartelMP. |
reduplicatio |
Ahle, Burmeister, Mattheson, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
43 |
analepsis |
M |
HR |
A repetition of a noema at the same pitch. BartelMP. |
|
Burmeister, J.G. Walther |
|
|
44 |
anamnesis |
L |
N/A |
Remembrance; recalling matters of the past. LanHR. |
recordatio, enumeratio |
TBD |
|
|
45 |
anangeon |
L |
N/A |
Plea in defence; defending one's words or acts with reasonable excuses; excusing by necessity. LanHR. |
dicaeologia |
TBD |
|
|
46 |
anaphora |
LM |
MR |
L: the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of serveral successive sentences or sentence members. M: a. a repeating bassline; ground bass; b. a repetition of the opening phrase or motive in a number of successive passages; c. a general repetition. BartelMP. |
repetitio |
Ahle, Burmeister, Forkel, Janovka, Kircher, Mattheson, Nucius, Scheibe, Spiess, Thuringus, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
47 |
anaploce |
M |
HR |
A repetition of a noema, particularly between choirs in a polychoral composition. BartelMP. |
|
Burmeister |
|
|
48 |
anapodoton |
L |
N/A |
omitting a main clause from a conditional sentence. LanHR. |
|
TBD |
|
|
49 |
anastrophe |
L |
N/A |
turning back; an unusual arrangement of words or clauses within a sentence; a kind of hyperbaton. LanHR. |
perversio, reversio hyperbaton; cf. hysteron proteron |
TBD |
|
|
50 |
anemographia |
L |
N/A |
description of the wind |
Cf. prosopographia et al. |
TBD |
|
|
51 |
anesis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
52 |
antanaclasis |
L |
N/A |
G. "reflection, bending back"; homonymic pun. LanHR. |
transplacement, anaclasis, rebounde, reciprocatio, refractio, ploce |
TBD |
|
|
53 |
antanagoge |
L |
N/A |
ameliorating a fault or difficulty implicitly admitted by balancing an unfavorable aspect with a favorable one. LanHR. |
compensatio, recompencer |
TBD |
|
|
54 |
antenantiosis |
L |
N/A |
G. " positive statement made in a negative form". LanHR. |
litotes |
TBD |
|
|
55 |
anthimeria |
L |
N/A |
G. "one part for another"; functional shift, using one part of speech for another. LanHR. |
enallage, alleotheta |
TBD |
|
|
56 |
anthropopatheia |
L |
N/A |
|
|
TBD |
|
|
57 |
anthypophora |
L |
N/A |
G. "reply"; replying to anticipated objections. LanHR. |
hypophora, response |
TBD |
|
|
58 |
anticategoria |
L |
N/A |
mutual accusation or recrimination. LanHR. |
accusatio, concertativa |
TBD |
|
|
59 |
anticipatio |
M |
MHO |
an additional upper or lower neighboring note after a principal note, prematurely introducing a note belonging to the subsequent harmony or chord. BartelMP. |
praesumptio |
Bernhard, Scheibe, Spiess, J.G. Walther |
|
|
60 |
anticipation |
L |
N/A |
as anticipatio, G. "preconception". LanHR. |
procatalepsis |
TBD |
|
|
61 |
antilogy |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
62 |
antimetabole |
LM |
HR |
an inversion of the fugal theme. BartelMP; LanHR, 10, gives "inverting the order of repeated words to sharpen their senseÖ; chiasmus and commutatio sometimes imply a more precise balance and reversal, antimetabole a looser." |
hypallage; cf. chiasmus, commutatio, permutatio, counterchange |
Burmeister |
|
|
63 |
antimetathesis |
L |
N/A |
inversion of the order of elements in an antithesis. BurtSR. |
|
TBD |
|
|
64 |
antiphrasis |
L |
N/A |
expression by the opposite; irony of one word, e.g., calling a "dwarf" a "giant". LanHR. |
broad floute |
TBD |
|
|
65 |
antiprosopopoeia |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
66 |
antiptosis |
L |
N/A |
G. "exchange of case"; substituting one case for another as the accusative for the dative. LanHR. |
casu pro casu, alleotheta |
TBD |
|
|
67 |
antirrhesis |
L |
N/A |
G. "refutation, counterstatement"; rejecting an argument because of its insignificance, error, or wickedness. LanHR. |
|
TBD |
|
|
68 |
antisagoge |
L |
N/A |
contrasting evaluations; stating first one side of a proposition, then the other, with equal vigor. LanHR. |
compensatio |
TBD |
|
|
69 |
antistaechon |
M |
D |
a substituted dissonance for an expected consonance, usually the result of the melody remaining on the same pitch while the bass implies harmonic changes. BartelMP. |
|
Spiess, Vogt |
|
|
70 |
antistasis |
L |
N/A |
G. "opposition"; repetition of a word in a different or contrary sense. LanHR. |
contentio |
TBD |
|
|
71 |
antisthecon |
L |
N/A |
substituting one letter or sound for another within a word. LanHR. |
transposition, metathesis, metaplasm |
TBD |
|
|
72 |
antistrophe |
LM |
HR |
an inversion of the fugal theme. |
hypallage |
Burmeister |
|
|
73 |
antithesis |
LM |
RD |
a musical expression of opposing affections, harmonies, or thematic material. |
antitheton, contrapositum |
Forkel, Janovka, Kircher, Mattheson, Scheibe, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
74 |
antitheton |
LM |
RD |
a musical expression of opposing affections, harmonies, or thematic material. BartelMP. |
antithesis, contrapositum |
Forkel, Janovka, Kircher, Mattheson, Scheibe, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
75 |
antonomasia |
L |
N/A |
G. "to use an epithet, patronymic, instaed of a proper name"; descriptive phrase for proper name or proper name for quality associated with it. LanHR. |
pronominatio, nominatio, surnamer |
TBD |
|
|
76 |
apagoresis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
77 |
aphaeresis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
78 |
aphorismus |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
79 |
apocarteresis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
80 |
apocope |
LM |
D |
an omitted or shortened final note in one voice of a composition. BartelMP. |
|
Burmeister, Thuringus, J.G. Walther |
|
|
81 |
apodioxis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
82 |
apodixis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
83 |
apologue |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
84 |
apophasis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
85 |
apoplanesis |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
86 |
aporia |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
87 |
aposiopesis |
LM |
IS |
a rest in one or all voices of a composition; a general pause. BartelMP. |
|
Burmeister, Spiess, Thuringus, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
88 |
apostrophe |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
89 |
apothegm |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
90 |
apotomia |
M |
D |
an enharmonic rewriting of a semitone. BartelMP. |
|
Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
91 |
appositio |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
92 |
ara |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
93 |
articulus |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
94 |
ascensus |
M |
RD |
an ascending musical passage which expresses ascending or exalted images or affections. BartelMP. |
anabasis |
Janovka, Kircher, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
95 |
aschematiston |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
96 |
asphalia |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
97 |
assimilatio |
M |
RD |
a musical representation of the text's imagery. BartelMP. |
homoiosis |
Janovka, Kircher |
|
|
98 |
assonance |
L |
N/A |
resemblance or similarity in sound between vowel-sound preceded and followed by differeing consonant-sounds in words in proximity. LanHR. |
alliteration, paronomasia |
TBD |
|
|
99 |
assumptio |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
100 |
asteismus |
L |
N/A |
G. "refined, witty talk"; facetious or mocking answer that plays on a word. LanHR. |
civill jest, merry scoffe, urbanitas |
TBD |
|
|
101 |
astrothesia |
L |
N/A |
TBD |
|
TBD |
|
|
102 |
asyndeton |
LM |
D |
an omission of the appropriate conjunctions in a text. BartelMP; omission of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. LanHR. |
articulo, brachylogia, dialyton, dissolutio, loose language, dialelumenon |
Ahle |
|
|
103 |
auxesis |
LM |
MR |
successive repetitions of a musical passage which rise by step. BartelMP; G. "increase, amplification"; words or clauses placed in climactic order; opposite of meiosis. LanHR. |
incrementum, advancer, dirimens copulatio, progressio |
Burmeister, J.G. Walther |
|
|
|
Name |
M/L |
Class |
Definition |
Equivalents |
Author |
|
B |
104 |
barbarism |
L |
|
as barbarismus (G. "foreign mode of speech"), unnatural words or mispronunciation; wrenched accent to fit meter or rhyme. LanHR. |
barbaralexis, forrein speech |
|
|
|
105 |
battologia |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
106 |
bdelygmia |
L |
|
as bdelygma, G. "nausea, sickness; filth, nastiness"; expression of hatred, usually short. Lanham quotes Emilia to Othello (V, ii), "O gull! O dolt! As ignorant as dirt." LanHR. |
abominatio |
|
|
|
107 |
benedictio |
L |
|
G. "extolling, praising, lauding". LanHR. |
eulogia |
|
|
|
108 |
bombi |
M |
MHO |
four identical notes in rapid succession. BartelMP. |
bombilans, bombus |
Printz, J.G. Walther |
|
|
109 |
bombilans |
M |
MHO |
four identical notes in rapid succession. BartelMP. |
bombi, bombus |
Printz, J.G. Walther |
|
|
110 |
bombus |
M |
MHO |
four identical notes in rapid succession. BartelMP. |
bombi, bombilans |
Printz, J.G. Walther |
|
|
111 |
bomphiologia |
L |
|
G. "booming, buzzing words"; bombastic speech. LanHR. |
bomphilogia, pompous speech |
|
|
|
112 |
brachylogia |
L |
|
G. "brevity in speech or writing"; omission of conjunctions between words; brevity of diction; abbreviated construction. LanHR. |
asyndeton, cutted comma, praegnans constructio, ellipsis |
|
|
|
|
Name |
M/L |
Class |
Definition |
Equivalents |
Author |
|
C |
113 |
cacemphaton |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
114 |
cacosyntheton |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
115 |
cacozelia |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
116 |
cadentia duriuscula |
M |
D |
a dissonance in the pre-penultimate harmony of a cadence. BartelMP. |
|
Bernhard |
|
|
117 |
catabasis |
M |
RD |
a descending musical passage which expresses descending, lowly, or negative images or affections. BartelMP. |
descensus |
Janovka, Kircher, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
118 |
catachresis |
LM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
catacosmesis |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
120 |
cataphasis |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
121 |
cataplexis |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
122 |
categoria |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
123 |
celeritas |
M |
D |
a dissonant or passing note between two consonant ones, either on the strong or the weak beat. BartelMP. |
transitus, commissura, deminutio, symblema |
Bernhard, Burmeister, Kircher, Mattheson, Nucius, Scheibe, Thuringus, Walther |
|
|
124 |
cercar della nota |
M |
MHO |
various additions of lower neighboring notes. BartelMP. |
subsumptio, quaesitio notae |
Bernhard, J.G. Walther |
|
|
125 |
characterismus |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
126 |
charientismus |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
127 |
chiasmus |
L |
|
G. "crossing"; derived from the Greek letter X (chi) whose shape, if the two halves of the construction are rendered in separate verses, it resembles. LanHR. |
antimetabole, commutatio |
|
|
|
128 |
chorographia |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
129 |
chreia |
L |
|
G. "pregnant sentence or maxim, often illustrated by an anecdote"; short exposition of a deed or saying of a person whose name is mentioned; short rhetorical exercise in which a maxim or moral observation is developed and varied. LanHR. |
|
|
|
|
130 |
chronographia |
L |
|
G. "time-writing"; type of energia, or counterfait time; description of time as when Romeo says: "Look love, what envious streakes | Do lace the severing clouds in yonder East. | Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day | Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops." (Romeo and Juliet, III, v). LanHR. |
|
|
|
|
131 |
circulatio |
M |
RD |
a series of usually eight notes in a circular or sine wave formation. BartelMP. |
circulo, kyklosis |
Janovka, Kircher, Mattheson, Printz, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
132 |
circulo |
M |
RD |
a series of usually eight notes in a circular or sine wave formation. BartelMP. |
circulatio, kyklosis |
Janovka, Kircher, Mattheson, Printz, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
133 |
circumlocutio |
L |
|
As the name implies, "talking around" something, usually by supplying a descriptive phrase in place of a name (=periphrasis). Circumlocutions are rhetorically useful as euphemisms, as a method of amplification, or to hint at something without stating it. BurtSR. |
antonomasia,
periphrasis,
systrophe
|
|
|
|
134 |
climax |
LM |
MR |
1) a sequence of notes in one voice repeated either at a higher or lower pitch; 2) two voices moving in ascending or descending parallel motion; 3) a gradual increase or rise in sound and pitch, creating a growth in intensity. BartelMP. Generally, the arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance, often in parallel structure. More specifically, climax is the repetition of the last word of one clause or sentence at the beginning of the next, through three or more clauses or sentences. (The figure anadiplosis repeated three times with increasing semantic emphasis). BurtSR. |
gradatio, anadiplosis,
auxesis,
catacosmesis
|
Ahle, Burmeister, Forkel, Janovka, Kircher, Nucius, Scheibe, Thuringus, Vogt, E. Walther |
|
|
135 |
coenotes |
L |
|
Repetition of two different phrases: one at the beginning and the other at the end of successive paragraphs. Note: Composed of anaphora and epistrophe, coenotes is simply a more specific kind of symploce (the repetition of phrases, not merely words). BurtSR. |
symploce,
anaphora,
epistrophe |
|
|
|
136 |
coloratura |
M |
MHO |
an ornamentation of a melodic passage with a variety of embellishments. BartelMP. |
variatio, diminutio, passaggio |
Bernhard, Janovka, Mattheson, Praetorius, Printz, Scheibe, Spiess, Vogt, J.G. Walther |
|
|
137 |
commissura |
M |
DD |
a dissonant or passing note between two consonant ones, either on the strong or the weak beat. BartelMP. |
transitus, celeritas, deminutio, symblema |
Bernhard, Burmeister, Kircher, Mattheson, Nucius, Scheibe, Thuringus, Walther |
|
|
138 |
commoratio |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
139 |
communicatio |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
140 |
comparatio |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
141 |
complexio |
LM |
MR |
|
|
|
|
|
142 |
complexus |
M |
MR |
a musical passage which repeats its opening phrase at its conclusion. BartelMP. |
complexio, symploce |
Janovka, Kircher, Nucius, Thuringus, Walther |
|
|
143 |
comprobatio |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
144 |
conceit |
L |
|
|
|
|
|
|
145 |
concessio |
L |
|
|
|
|
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